This article needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: – ( February 2010) A government or state agency, sometimes an appointed commission, is a permanent or semi-permanent organization in the that is responsible for the oversight and administration of specific functions, such as an. There is a notable variety of agency types.
Although usage differs, a government agency is normally distinct both from a department or, and other types of public body established. The functions of an agency are normally executive in character, since different types of organizations ( such as commissions) are most often constituted in an advisory role—this distinction is often blurred in practice however.A government agency may be established by either a national government or a state government within a federal system. The term is not normally used for an organization created by the powers of a local government body. Agencies can be established by legislation or by executive powers. The autonomy, independence and accountability of government agencies also vary widely. Contents.History Early examples of organizations that would now be termed a government agency include the British, responsible for ships and supplies, which was established in 1546 by King Henry VIII and the British established in 1570.From 1933, the saw growth in US federal agencies, the ' as they were used to deliver new programs created by legislation, such as the.From the 1980s, as part of, several countries including Australia and the United Kingdom developed the use of agencies to improve efficiency in public services.Australia.
See also:The term agency in India has several meanings; for example, the describes itself as a ' nodal agency for coordination amongst the ministries of the Govt. Most notably as an international feature, what appear to be independent agencies ( or apex agencies) include some that have active roles for Ministers: such as, the, the, and the, which is chaired by the Prime Minister.Russian Federation Russia has had many government agencies throughout its history. The had the secretive.Today, Russian government agencies such as the, and the use or other masked operators for any missions.Other organizations include and presidential security.Sweden. Main article:The Government agencies in Sweden are controlled organizations who act independently to carry out the policies of the.
The are relatively small and merely policy-making organizations, allowed to control agencies by policy decisions but not by direct orders. This means that while the agencies are subject to decisions made by the Government, Ministers are explicitly prohibited (so called ban on ) from interfering with the day-to-day operation in an agency or the outcome in individual cases as well.In addition to the State and its agencies, there are also local government agencies, which are extensions of and.United Kingdom. Main article:Agencies in the are either answerable to or answerable directly to one of the or devolved of the United Kingdom. They are also commonly known as.Agencies can be created by enabling legislation by the, or the.Agencies in England usually answer to Westminster or the British Government.
In Scotland they usually answer to the or the Scottish Parliament and in Wales to the National Assembly for Wales.Some have remits that cover the entire UK and these organisations are funded by and answer to the British Government.United States. Main article:The and delegate specific authority to government agencies to the complex facets of the modern. Also, most of the 50 have created similar government agencies. Each of the 50 states' governments is pretty similar to the national government with most having some form of a senate and house of representatives.The term 'government agency' or 'administrative agency' usually applies to one of the, which exercise some degree of independence from the President's control. Although the heads of independent agencies are often appointed by the government, they can usually be removed only for cause. The heads of independent agencies work together in groups, such as a commission, board or council.
Independent agencies often function as miniature versions of the federal government with the authority to (through the issuing, or 'promulgation' of ), to disputes, and to agency regulations (through enforcement personnel). Examples of independent agencies include the (FCC), (SEC), the (NLRB) and the (FTC).A broader definition of the term 'government agency' also means the that include the President's, and their sub-units.
Examples of these agencies include the (DOE) and the (IRS), which is a bureau of the.Most federal agencies are created by Congress through called ' which define the scope of an agency's authority. Because the does not expressly mention federal agencies (as it does the three branches), some commentators have called agencies the 'headless fourth branch' of the federal government. However, most independent agencies are technically part of the executive branch, with a few located in the legislative branch of government.
By enacting the (APA) in 1946, Congress established some means to oversee government agency action. The APA established uniform procedures for a federal agency's promulgation of rules, and adjudication of claims. The APA also sets forth the process for of agency action.See also.References. A brief history of the Royal Navy, Royal Navy Museum, accessed at June 9, 2006. Macleavy, J.
Gay (2005) The Quango Debate, House of Commons Library Research Paper 05/30, p. 8 accessed at (PDF). Archived from (PDF) on 2006-06-19.
History Of Agency Theory
Retrieved 2006-06-09. CS1 maint: archived copy as title. Cabinet Secretariat, Government of India at, accessed June 30, 2006Further reading. in 'The Organisation of Central Government Departments: A History 1964–1992', ESRC Whitehall Programme at, University of Oxford. (accessed October 16, 2018)External links.